Student e-book: Depth Studies
c. How far was the Tsar weakened by the First World War?
Although there was evidence that discontent with the Tsarist regime was increasing up to 1914 with political opposition, revolutionary violence, urban strikes and peasant risings there was a surge of...
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Student e-book: Depth Studies
1. Why did the Tsarist regime collapse in 1917?
The Tsarist regime faced significant socio-economic pressures and deep seated political challenges in Russia up to 1914. Although Tsar Nicholas II was able to survive the 1905 revolution, discontent...
Student e-book: Depth Studies
5. The Nazi regime: The impact of war
Until 1941, the Second World War had relatively little impact on the lives of ordinary Germans. However this was to change in 1941 following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union. For Jewish people, the...
Student e-book: Depth Studies
b. Persecution of minorities
The Nazis believed in a hierarchy of races. At the top of this hierarchy was the Aryan race or master race. Germans were of Aryan descent and the ideal Aryan was shown as blond, blue-eyed, tall, strong...
Student e-book: Depth Studies
a. Terror and propaganda
After 1933, there was no constitution in Germany. Hitler’s word was law. There were no longer legal safeguards to protect individual citizens and judges were no longer an independent force; they were...
Student e-book: Depth Studies
d. Economic crises and hyper-inflation
In addition to political problems, the Weimar Republic faced economic crisis and chaos. A key complaint of the Germans when the treaty was signed was that the figure for reparations had not been decided. ...
Student e-book: Depth Studies
c. Political division
Against the backdrop of resentment caused by the Treaty of Versailles, the Weimar government also had to face a series of political challenges from both the Left and the Right in the next few years. Violence...
Student e-book: Depth Studies
b. Versailles Settlement and German reactions to it
When the German government sued for an end to fighting, they did so in the belief that the Armistice would be based on Wilson’s Fourteen Points. It offered an alternative to having to face the ‘total’...
Student e-book: Depth Studies
a. The Revolution of 1918 and the establishment of the Republic
After four years of war, Germany was facing military defeat on the battlefields in France, and starvation and revolution at home. This is not what Germans had expected; they had been promised victory...
Student e-book: Depth Studies
1. Was the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?
The Weimar Republic was established at the end of the First World War following the abdication of the Kaiser. However, it had collapsed by 1933 and was followed by a ruthless dictatorship which had devastating...